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LANDMARK CASES
Decisions That Shaped Student Speech Rights

Explore Landmark Cases

These cases address important questions about student expression, school authority, and the First Amendment. These decisions established the legal framework for student free speech in K-12 schools.

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District

United States Supreme Court

1969

Do public school students have First Amendment rights in school? Schools may limit speech that cases or is likely to cause substantial disruption of school activities or invades the rights of others.

Bethel School District v. Fraser

United States Supreme Court

1986

Can a public school ever punish a student for what they say? Schools may discipline students for lewd, vulgar, or offensive speech that is inconsistent with the school's educational mission.

Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier

United States Supreme Court

1988

Can a public school restrict what students can say in a school newspaper? Schools can regulate speech that is part of school-sponsored activities, such as classroom newspapers or announcements.

Morse v. Frederick

United States Supreme Court

2007

Can a public school punish a student for something displayed during a school event outside of class? Schools may prohibit speech that advocates the use of illegal drugs.

Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L.

United States Supreme Court

2021

Can a public school punish a student for something posted on social media off-campus and after school hours? Schools have less authority to discipline students for speech that happens off campus and outside of school activities.

Looking for newer decisions?

See how courts are applying student speech principles today. 

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